Para Jumble Questions with Solutions (Test-1)

Directions for questions 1 to 5: Sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. The first and last sentences are 1 and 6, and the four in between are labeled A, B,  C, and D. Choose the most logical order of these four sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph from sentences 1 to 6.

Q1. 1. Security inks exploit the same principle that causes the vivid  and constantly changing colors of a film of oil on water.

(A) When two rays of light meet each other after being reflected from these different surfaces, they have each traveled slightly different distances.

(B) The key is that the light is bouncing off two surfaces, that of the oil and that of the water layer below it.

(C) The distance the two rays travel determines which wavelengths, and hence colours, interfere constructively and look bright.

(D) Because light is an electromagnetic wave, the peaks and troughs of each ray then interfere either constructively, to appear bright, or destructively, to appear dim.

6. Since the distance the rays travel changes with the angle as you look at the surface, different colors look bright from different viewing angles.

Q2. 1. Commercially reared chickens can be unusually aggressive and are often kept in darkened sheds to prevent them from pecking at each other.

A. The birds spent far more of their time — up to a third — pecking at the inanimate objects in the pens, in contrast to birds in other pens which spent a lot of time attacking others.

B. In low light conditions, they behave less belligerently but are more prone to ophthalmic disorders and respiratory problems.

C. In an experiment, aggressive head-pecking was all but eliminated among birds in the enriched environment.

D. Altering the birds’ environment, by adding bales of wood shavings to their pens, can work wonders.

6. Bales could diminish aggressiveness and reduce injuries; they might even improve productivity since a happy chicken is a productive chicken.

Q3. 1. The concept of a ‘nation-state’ assumes a complete  correspondence between the boundaries of the nation and the  boundaries of those who live in a specific state.

A. Then there are members of national collectivities who live in other countries, making a mockery of the concept.

B. There are always people living in particular states who are not considered to be (and often do not consider themselves to be) members of the hegemonic nation.

C. Even worse, there are nations which never had a state or which are divided across several states.

D. This, of course, has been subject to severe criticism and is virtually everywhere a fiction.

6. However, fiction has been and continues to be, at the basis of nationalist ideologies.

Q4. 1. In the sciences, even questionable examples of research fraud are harshly punished.

A. But no such mechanism exists in the humanities — much of what humanities researchers call research does not lead to results that are replicable by other scholars.

B. Given the importance of interpretation in historical and literary scholarship, humanities researchers are in a position where they can explain away deliberate and even systematic distortion.

C. Mere suspicion is enough for funding to be cut off; publicity guarantees that careers can be effectively ended.

D. Forgeries which take the form of pastiches in which the forger intersperses fake and real parts can be defended as mere mistakes or aberrant misreading.

6. Scientists fudging data have no such  defenses.

Q5. 1. Horses and communism were, on the whole, a poor match.

A. Fine horses bespoke the nobility the party was supposed to despise.

B. Communist leaders, when they visited villages, preferred to see cows and pigs.

C. Although a working horse was just about tolerable, the communists were right to be wary.

D. Peasants from Poland to the Hungarian Pustza preferred their horses to party dogma.

6. “A farmer’s pride is his horse; his cow may be thin but his horse must be fat,” went a Slovak saying.

Directions for questions 6 to 10: Sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each  sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of the sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

Q6. A. In rejecting the functionalism in positivist organization theory, either  wholly or partially, there is often a move towards a political model of  organization theory.

B. Thus, the analysis would shift to the power resources possessed by different groups in the organization and the way they use these resources in actual power plays to shape the organizational structure.

C. At the extreme, in one set of writings, the growth of administrators in the organization is held to be completely unrelated to the work to be done and to be caused totally by the political pursuit of self-interest.

D. The political model holds that individual interests are pursued in organizational life through the exercise of power and influence.

Q7. A. Group decision-making, however, does not necessarily fully guard against arbitrariness and anarchy, for individual capriciousness can get substituted by collusion of group members.

B. Nature itself is an intricate system of checks and balances, meant to preserve the delicate balance between various environmental factors that affect our ecology.

C. In institutions also, there is a need to have in place a system of checks and balances that inhibits the concentration of power in the hands of only some individuals.

D. When human interventions alter this delicate balance, the outcomes have been seen to be disastrous.

Q8. A. He was bone-weary and soul-weary, and found himself muttering,  “Either I can’t manage this place, or it’s unmanageable.”

B. To his horror, he realized that he had become the victim of an amorphous, unwitting, unconscious conspiracy to immerse him in routine work that had no significance.

C. It was one of those nights in the office when the office clock was moving towards four in the morning and Bennis was still not through with the incredible mass of paper stacked before him.

D. He reached for his calendar and ran his eyes down each hour, half-hour, and quarter-hour, to see where his time had gone that day, the day before, the month before.

Q9. A. With that, I swallowed the shampoo and obtained the most realistic results almost on the spot.

B. The man shuffled away into the back regions to make up a prescription, and after a moment I got through on the shop telephone to the Consulate, intimating my location.

C. Then, while the pharmacist was wrapping up a six-ounce bottle of the mixture, I groaned and inquired whether he could give me something for acute gastric cramps.

D. I intended to stage a sharp gastric attack, and entering an old-fashioned pharmacy, I asked for a popular shampoo mixture, consisting of olive oil and flaked soap.

Q10. A. Since then, intelligence tests have been mostly used to separate dull children in school from average or bright children, so that special education can be provided to the dull.

B. In other words, intelligence tests give us a norm for each age.

C. Intelligence is expressed as intelligence quotient, and tests are developed to indicate what an average child of a certain age can do …. What a five-year-old can answer, but a four-year-old cannot, for instance.

D. Binet developed the first set of such tests in the early 1900s to find out which children in school needed special attention.

E. Intelligence can be measured by tests.

Directions for Questions 11 to 15: In each of the following questions there are  sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of  sentence(s) that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage (including spelling, punctuation, and logical consistency). Then, choose the most  appropriate option.

Q11. A. In 1849, a poor Bavarian immigrant named Levi Strauss  B. landed in San Francisco, California,

1. at the invitation of his brother-in-law David Stern
2. owner of a dry goods business.
3. This dry goods business would later become known as Levi Strauss & Company.

Q12. A. In response to the allegations and condemnation pouring in,

B. Nike implemented comprehensive changes in their labor policy.

C. Perhaps. sensing the rising tide of global labor concerns,

D. from the public would become a prominent media issue,

E. Nike sought to be an industry leader in employee relations.

Q13. A. Charges and countercharges mean nothing

1. to the few million who have lost their home.
2. The nightmare is far from over, for the government
3. is still unable to reach hundreds who are marooned.
4. The death count has just begun.

Q14. A. I did not know what to make of you.

1. Because you’d lived in India, I associate you more with my parents than with me.
2. And yet you were unlike my cousins in Calcutta, who seem so innocent and obedient when I visited them.
3. You were not curious about me in the least.
4. Although you did make an effort to meet me.

Q15. A. When I returned to home, I began to read

1. everything I could get my hand on about Israel.
2. That same year Israel’s Jewish Agency sent
3. a Shaliach a sort of recruiter to Minneapolis.
4. I became one of his most active devotees.